The working principle of an X-ray detector is based on the interaction between X-rays and matter, with the core being the conversion of X-ray signals into measurable electrical signals

The working principle of an X-ray detector is based on the interaction between X-rays and matter, with the core being the conversion of X-ray signals into measurable electrical signals. The specific process is as follows:
 
1. Interaction between X-rays and matter: After X-rays pass through the object under test, they enter the detector and interact with the materials inside the detector (such as sensors, scintillation crystals, etc.), primarily utilizing the ionization effect or fluorescence effect.
 
- Ionization effect: X-rays ionize the atoms of the material, generating free electrons and ion pairs to form current signals.
 
- Fluorescence effect: Certain crystals (such as cesium iodide) emit fluorescent photons after absorbing X-rays, and then optoelectronic devices like photodiodes convert the light signals into electrical signals.
 
2. Signal conversion and acquisition: The detector converts X-ray energy into electrical signals (current or voltage), reflecting information such as the intensity and energy of X-rays.
 
3. Processing by the electronics system: The electrical signals are processed through amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, etc., and finally reconstructed into images by a computer or output as measurement data.
 
In simple terms, an X-ray detector realizes the detection and measurement of X-rays through the conversion of "ray energy → physical signal → electrical signal → data".